Cryostatic figure: Russia has imported a key technology for quantum computers

Russia has developed domestic cooling systems — cryostats of ultra-low temperatures and ultra-high cooling capacity. The new equipment is the "heart" of the computer — the platform where the quantum processor is placed. Without it, qubits will not be able to work. Previously, cryostats were purchased abroad.The new installations will also be in demand in other high—tech areas, such as neuromorphic devices, equipment for astronomical observations, and various sensor systems. For more information, see the Izvestia article.

What role does cooling play in quantum devices?

Russian scientists have developed cryostats (cooling systems) that are designed to reach temperatures close to absolute zero on the Kelvin scale or -273.15 °C. Specialists from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, the All-Russian Research Institute of Automation named after N.L. Dukhov and the Cryotrade Engineering company participated in the development. As a result of the development work, which lasted for 2.5 years, two cooling complexes were manufactured.

As the experts explained, absolute zero is the temperature at which atoms and molecules stop moving because they don't have the energy to move or oscillate. In this state, matter begins to behave according to the laws of quantum mechanics.

Computational speed: scientists have brought the creation of a quantum computer closer

Russian experts have found a way to transfer data as fast as possible

Cryostats are a significant part of a quantum computer, without which qubits (quantum units of computation) will not be able to work. The new equipment is designed to ensure the operation of quantum superconducting computers, as well as to solve other practical useful high-tech tasks.

— Today we are talking about dry cryostats of ultra-low temperatures and ultra-high cooling capacity. Such installations are used in a wide range of fields, both in fundamental research and in applied fields. For example, in neuromorphic computers, astronomical observations, and various sensory systems. Therefore, it was necessary to develop such a complex," one of the developers, director of the NOC Functional Micro, explained to Izvestia./Nanosystems" Bauman Moscow State Technical University and Ilya Rodionov All-Russian Research Institute of Automation.

According to him, the project has developed the Yurta optical subkelvin complex, which is designed to reach temperatures of the order of 0.45 K, and the Yaranga dissolution cryostat, capable of obtaining millikelvin temperatures of only about 0.01 K from absolute zero. According to the scientist, the installations were named after the dwellings of the northern Russian peoples.

How cloud access will help develop new technologies

The presentation of the development took place on September 9 at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. First Deputy Prime Minister Denis Manturov and Head of the Ministry of Education and Science Valery Falkov got acquainted with the equipment.

— Creating such a complex high-tech product has become a real challenge for the team of scientists and engineers. This is certainly an important step for our country, which creates the foundation for further research in the field of quantum computing, expands the possibilities of experimental low—temperature physics and contributes to the development of domestic technologies," said Mikhail Gordin, Rector of Bauman Moscow State Technical University.

According to experts, previously such equipment was purchased abroad, which limited the pace of development of domestic quantum technologies. Currently, these barriers have been eliminated. At the same time, the new complexes are made using advanced industrial design solutions, which will ensure their good export prospects.

The presentation also included the official launch of cloud access to a new domestic hybrid quantum classical computer based on the Yaranga cryostat.

According to the developers, it is based on a component base designed and manufactured by the joint research center of MSTU and the All—Russian Research Institute of Automation based on the new domestic superconducting quantum coprocessor SnowDrop 4Q.

In the photon mode: scientists will increase the accuracy of tomographs at the quantum level

How fundamental research will help create next-generation diagnostic devices

This device allows you to implement quantum algorithms using four qubits, while ensuring the accuracy of single—qubit operations — 99.9%, and two-qubit operations - 99%.

— We have been working towards the launch of an open quantum computer for a long time, starting almost from scratch in 2015. Today we are presenting a comprehensive solution based on the Russian ECB, which already gives developers the opportunity to test their own quantum algorithms on the "quantum hardware" to solve a wide range of test tasks. Next, we will systematically increase the performance of our quantum coprocessors to bring computers into practical use," said Alexander Andriash, Scientific Director of the All—Russian Research Institute of Automation.

In his opinion, cloud access to the computer for leading research organizations and industrial companies will facilitate the introduction of quantum technologies among a wide range of users and accelerate the creation of breakthrough technologies.